Geology Question

• Choose a type of physical weathering and explain how it works and what makes it a physical weathering process.

 

• Choose a type of chemical weathering and explain how it works and what makes it a chemical weathering process.

 

• Explain the differences between the follow forms of sediment transport:

 

1. Dissolved load

 

1. Suspended load

 

1. Bed load

 

• What is the Reynolds’ number and what is it used to describe?

 

• How do cross-laminae differ from planar-laminae?

 

• How does trough cross-laminae differ from planar cross-laminae?

 

• What controls the formation of trough cross-laminae vs. planar cross-laminae?

 

• How do soft-sediment deformation features such as load, ball & pillow or flame structures from?

 

• How does a flute cast differ from a tool mark?

 

• What is the difference between supratidal, intertidal, and subtidal?

 

• How do mud drapes form? In what environment would you likely find this feature?

 

• Hummocky cross-stratification is usually created by what process?

 

• What is wave base? How does fair-weather wave base differ from storm-weather wave base?

 

• What distinguishes flaser bedding from wavy bedding from lenticular bedding?

 

• What is the main control determining if a coastline will be tidal dominated vs. storm/wave dominated?

 

• What depositional environment would you expect on a coastline that is dominated by tidal ranges greater than 4 m. Describe not only the environment, but detail on sediments and structures that would be expected as well.

 

• What type of sediment and sedimentary structure would be expected in the following environment?

 

1. Bay/Lagoon

 

1. Dune

 

1. Foreshore

 

1. Upper Shoreface

 

1. Middle Shoreface

 

1. Lower Shoreface

 

18. Place the depositional environments from 17 in the image below.

 

 

• What are the three main controls on deposition of a siliciclastic coastline?

 

• What is the cause of tides?

 

• What are the two components that determine if a barrier island will form?

 

• Abyssal plain sedimentation – what are the sources and controls?

 

• What is a Turbidite?

 

1. Where are they mainly deposited?

 

1. Sketch a Bouma Sequence stratigraphic column of an idealized turbidite deposit.

 

• Sketch a planar (map) view of a turbidite deposits in the shelf/slope/plain environments – label the type of sediments you would find at each location.

 

 

 

• Explain or show the flow direction(s) indicated by the cross-stratification.

 

1. What is the name of this cross-stratification?

 

1. What depositional environment is this cross-stratification of?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Use the diagram below to answer the following:

 

1. What is the following diagram called?

 

1. What does it describe?

 

1. Why does Clay/Silt behave in the way described on the diagram?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Sketch the general bed form of a sand ripple, label the following:
  1. Flow direction
  2. Stoss and Lee sides
  3. topset, foreset, and bottomset
  4. Attachment and Separation points
  5. Where erosion/deposition occur

 

• Label the depositional environment above.

 

• For each of the label, what sediment and structures would you anticipate depositing?

 

• Does the above image show a barrier system that is prograding or retrograding?

 

• For your answer in 30, what are the conditions that can cause this to occur?